International Circulation: Thank you.  Please share your thoughts about the risk factors of contrast-associated nephropathy.
国际循环：谢谢您。请您谈谈造影相关性肾病的危险因素。

Prof. Roxana Mehran: First of all， the term has been re-coined “contrast- induced acute kidney injury.” This refers to deterioration of kidney function after exposure to contrast media.  The risk factors have been very well documented. I have come up with a risk-assessment score for this important complication. The score includes baseline demographics such as chronic kidney disease， diabetes， hypovolemia， low ejection fraction， congestive heart failure， etc. 
Prof. Roxana Mehran: 首先，其正式的命名是 “造影诱导的急性肾损伤”。这是暴露于造影剂后发生的肾功能恶化。当然，危险因素已经研究得很清楚，而且，事实上，我们对这一重要的并发症已经提出了一个危险评分系统，其中包括了患者基线人口统计数据。这些包括慢性肾脏疾病，糖尿病，低血容量，低射血分数，充血性心力衰竭，等等。